Artificial-stone or concrete pavement



(Model.)

J. H. BATES.

ARTIFICIAL STONE 0E CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

Patented Oct. 5, 1886.

UNiTED STATES PATENT EEICE.

JOHN ll. RATES, OF POTTSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

ARTIFICIAL-STONE OR CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part ofLettel's Patent No. 350,101, dated October'S, 1886.

Application Illld April Q7, ISSG. Serial Xn. 200,302. (Model.)

To @ZZ wloni 'it may concern.:

,le it known that l. JOHN ll. Barns, a citizen oiA ille Ulliied Siaies ol' Anlerica, residing at Poiisl'ille, ill ille cenni)r oil Schuylkill and Stale ol' Pennsylvania, have invented eeriaili new alld useful Improvements in Artificial- Sione or Concrete lavenienis, ot' which ille following is a speeifleation, reference being had therein io the accompanying drawings.

)ly invention relates io ille inanufactnre, forni ol' blocks.v alld illetllod of laying, remoring, and relaying of pavenlenis and iloors conlposed ot' concrete or artileial stone, ol.I of such concrete in eoilneeiion wiill supporting-blocks of natural stoile, concrete, or other suitable substances.-and is designed io lroduee a hard, slllooth, alld ornamental pavement for vestillnles, halls, eellardloors, sidcwal ks, alid all oillel places io which it is suitable at a greatlyr less cost than natural sione.

Referring io ille drawings llerewitll tiled, the followillg is a description:

Figure l is a seciion ihrollgll ille paveilleilt, showing its several parts and their relations.

Thelettel-F shows ille foundation, C the joint rest-blocks,f7 and H ille surface or pavelnent hlocks.

Fig. 2 shows a plan of the pavenlent, A indieating ille joinis ot' ille paringdlloeks alld ille lilies of ille `joint rest-bloeks underneath and supporting illelll. The tour upper and right-hal-ld squares have ille pavillg-llloeks relnoved, showing-B, the `joint resi-llloeks, ill position and litted io eacll oiller, alld M ille lspaces io he lilled with pavinghlocks. K is ille surface ofthe blocks, plain or ornaniented. .ll shows water-plug or other obstructions.

Figs. 3 and (i represent the joint resillloeks sepl'lraied, alld sllow the ellds squared, lleveled, and lnitered, as required. Fig. (i shows a paving-block ill perspective.

Fig. el is a l'lelspeeiive View of one oi ille surface-llloeks.

Fig. 5 shows a speeinlen of a wooden fralne to be held ill place by iron pills or other device, against which ille paving blocks are nlolded ill situations wllere required. (l sllows ille iroll pry-boxes alollg ille edge of ille pavelllelli, placed convenient i'or use ill lifting illeill, ille character alld use ot' all wllich will illore full)Y appear ill the following description.

ground .is io be excavated to a suilieieni deptlli'ronl six to thirty inches, according to the requirements of elilnaie and strength-and filled in with any kind Ot' coarse inaterialfhroken stone, loricleloats, furnace-slag, &c.-ianlped or rolled solid. This is covered witll a layer of sand, ashes, or other dry material, alld also ianlped. On this is placed al'lolli one. inch oi' concrete, hereinafter deseribed, io he also coinlacied io a level surface wiill allroad iroil ialinp or heavy roller. Thiseonstitutes ille foundation, as shown by F, Fig. l. For Vesiibilles, halls, eel lars, and other covered places, where so illucli strellgtll is not needed, inost ot' this foundation nlayr be omitted, alld the eoncrete used on the clay or sand)r bottoni. The fonlnlation heilig prepared, ille whole area is `laid ot'tinio blocks of suitable size alld shape, dile regard heilig had to use, appearance, pro jeciions, and obstructions, by the use ot' lines stretched from peg io peg, or other usual device. The blocks' G in Fig. l are then placed in position along ille lilies as deierniined, and set ill plastic eollcreie as a llloriar, leaving ille spaces as shown at M ill Fig. 2. These joint vrest-blocks are to benlade of collcrete lllolded of proper shape, as sllowli. Tlley are lo he oi' lengths suitable for handli ng, or io suit the size and shape ofthe pavelnellt-bloeks, as dciel14 milled, or with reference to ille space io be covered and ille taste oi' ille purchaser.' 'The surface will lle flat, ille sidesI beveled, and the ends squared, beveled, or iniiered, as required, io fit closely up io eaeli other, andas shown at ll ill Fig. 1 and ill Figs. 3 alld (i. Their nsllal dimensions will be one inch wide on ille top.' vi'onr inches on ille hoiionl, ihrec i nches illiek, alld fronl eigllieeil to thirty-six inches long. They are io he iliade ill advance of use io stand i'or several weeks and long eilollgll io heeolne thoroughly crystallized alld hard. .Blocks of the saine shape alld for ille saine use may he iliade ot' natural sione or anyrartiii cial inatel-ial oit' sull'leieilt strength. l regard all blocks thus iliade as within the scope of illy invention. Having placed these resiblocks ill position, as described, tllepavenlent proper then io be iliade as follows: A rack or wooden frame listo' be used, shapedto snit the paving-blocks, as alrca'dydetermined, and so placed that the inner `surface will rest cxactly along the line of the center of the restblocks to receive tlicpaving concrete hereinafter described. Along the` onteredge, and Where obstructions or other causes require, mold-boards of suitable shape must be 4used-f such as are shown in Fig. y-and held in position by iron pins or other device. To pre.-A vent the concrete blocks, Y which are to bc molded between and over thc rest-blocks, from sticking and to leave them free to' beremovred from their bed at pleasure, l usel dividers77 asfollows: On the surface of the concrete o f the Vfoundation sand iswsprinkled one-eighth of .,airincli l in depthland gentlyrlanipe'd ytoa ifiij and level surface. yA solution `tf clay anlpwater of the consistency of cream is applihdxfvith a brnsh to thesides and tlie np'pferr 'surfaceof the rest-blocks` and thcyinner. snrifaceogf the Wooden iiiolds and edges of adjo'in;k ing blocks, to keep the pavingblocksseparate While being molded and hardening, While llo'yving them to fit perfectly close. Theneizt steinerne 'process is to 4mix the concrete and molti tiiepaveienf. frheoiicreteis prepared as` fellows; Three parts of clear `sana and at@ y aitsf abseilen@ ioaler goed `hydraulic cement are inixcd in a dry ystate until tli'o'ro'iiglilyincorporated, and then as `rnvuclrnffatcr ad( ed as the miiturcjvill talee; H Broken stone or 'cleat gravare-f sizes freni ore-rotan to one aiidlcnehalf incli,.iii tli'e proportion of fci'ght parts to tlie preceding five, Ais then added, and the Whole stirred together 'until every particle ofl stone `or 4gravel is coated. 4llfliile in the plastic state this1 concrete isyfpla'ced in the molds and 'camped solid to forni the joint restblock's. `The Q'concrete to be used tofforin. the paving or surface blocks is `inade as follows: Equal parts of sand and cement are niixed, as above, into a plastic inass,`andthishi s spread onelhalf an inch deep over the concrete 'of the foundation, heretofore described, te forni the 'longer part of the paving-block; Then a `con- 1 crete of eqnalV parts of cement, saii'd, and

Y crushed-stonainixed as above, is `placed `on pt p cette former and mieu in te ai@ rop of the Wooden molds and the `surface straightedged, The material is then Worked over ,with a Wooden float, After allovvin'g it t`o stand for a fev'vfmoments to become slightly stituitwis rolled with Va light rollerof wood about three inehesin diameter having corrfugated surface.v rlhis driies down all larger particles offstonfe or sand, and b 'rings the airad finer materials to the surface;v As soon 'as thesn'perfiuous wateren the `siirfaee hs'beenfabsorbed or evaporated, it is again rolled With a roller of si'nil'ar dinienfsions', but

These processes, putfdivn the Whole mass 'a ,quarter of an inch belor'v thctozp of the rack and cement andssand is used to fill the frame to the top again`;and thenleveled, rolled smooth, and floated and polished in the usual inanner. One block being thus nished, the next is left blank, and the frame'or mold is removed tothe second space, which is finished in alike manner. The n extrow is taken in alternate blocks opposite the blanks, and then the blank blocks are in a like manner filled in Without the use of the frame, until Vthe whole is completed, care being taken to keep the edges separated by clay wash, as described. In the finishA ofthe surface the paving-blocks may bc left plain or stippled or lined inpatterns, according to the taste and with the usual tools.

vln addition to the above l provide for varions contingencies of siicli pavements, as shown ontlienfigures, followsf'lVhengratings, Wateiffplgs, -liorse-postrs, or other obstructions are .reafcl or lay drain, gas, `Water, or other pipes,

oir'ieiI anyfotherV pnrpsc,lp1'ovi de an iron bo'x, nlliiclill call a ff pry-bon, placed at suitable intervals along the edgeof the pavements,

shown at G, Fig. 2, tlie bottom resting on the concrete of tlie foundationl and the top level Witlllic surface. When set iii place it is tobc filled with sand lofwithin an inch of the top, and then `iifith l concrete, making asmooth surface. VVhen usedf this concrete inust be chiseledout, that a crow-bar may bc inserted. Attlieback and against tliepaving-blocl;A a ilat ,ironplate is placed, so as to prevent` the edge frein being defaced in lifting.. These dcvices are to be adjusted before the pavementis laid, 'so that itinay `be tted to them, so as to vrequire no cutting andleave no cracks.

and the dividersyhil@ keeping the blt-Cm from adhering, form 'so close a joint as to cxclide the effects of moisture and frost.

Second. `Its' convenience for removal and replacement to meet the requirements of change, repair, and improvements which are constant] y going on in olircities. Concrete pavements vof',centinuo'us sheets are found seriously objectionable, becanse of `the necessity of cutting s and Vdes.tiroyiiig'r them toi-cach and lay pipes and'wires below the surface, and the ineenvenieincfe of brick Walks is` submitted to rbecause they can be removed and reset. The small blocks, beveled edges, pryLboXcs, 85e.,

. S5 l .l inet, tlic rest-blocks are ,made of shapes to.\ closelysurronnd thein, and the blocks eenling Vup to'` the 'surface of the pavement, leavingtlie described, meet the requisite conditions for a desirable stone pavement easily removed and relaid.

Third. Its cheapness in comparison with any good pavement of natural stone, or any composition and construction of equal durability and l eauty,will not be overlooked. The cost of course must depend on the price of labor and the accessibility of the material but comparatively the material is abundant and cheap, and no large amount of skilled labor is required under an intelligent superintendent.

\Vl1at I claim, and desire to secure as my'iuventon by Letters Patent, is as follows l. A pavement composed of joint restblocks having square or flat surface, beveled sides, and formed with beveled meeting portions, fitted together as described, amlsurface blocks molded between and over the restblocks, the meeting sides of said surfaceblocks extending over and resting upon the fiat upper-surfaces of ille rest-blocks, and all being free for removal, substantially as described.

2. A pavement composed of a concrete foundation, rest-bloeks formed with beveled sides l and ilat surface, as described, and surface blocks separated from the rest-blocksby a Wash of clay, all as and for the purposes described.

3. A concrete pavement of separate blocks having inserted at or near the edge thereof an iron pry-box, as and for the purposes set forth.

4. A pavement composed of joint restblocks having squareor flat upper surfaces and beveled sides, and formed with beveled meeting portions, fitted together as described, aud surface-blocks molded between and over the rest-blocks, having iron pry-boxes in or near the edge thereof, the meeting surfaces of the surlaceblocks extending over and resting upon the Yflat upper surfaces of the rest-blocks,

the blocks kept from adhering by a clay wash, all being free for removal and relaying, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof fl affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

.lOl-IN H. BATES. lVitnesses:

l'. J. LIen/rnNBERG, BERNARD J. DUFFY. 

